This paper explores the relationship between environmental change and development through a vulnerability study of a rural village in southwest Bangladesh. Villagers deal with a variety of pressing stresses, and climate change is not considered separately, if at all. Environmental, political and economic conditions and adjustments in resource use systems, particularly shrimpfarming,havechangedlivelihoodopportunities andincreasedthevulnerabilities of poorvillagerstofutureenvironmental changes,includingclimatechange.Practicaladaptationstrategiestoreducevulnerabilitiestoclimate-relatedstressesreflectthe dynamics of people’s livelihoods and address the conditions they currently face. In this case, planned adaptations were mainstreamed in the sense that they contributed to the livelihoods of people and made some improvement in their capacity to deal with changes in climate, and they were undertaken via established non-government institutions.